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+ <!-- $z'\ =\ h + \mathrm{RMSNorm}(\,\mathrm{SwiGLU}(h)\,)$ -->
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+ <text style="font-size: 7.5px; font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Computer Modern Sans Serif', 'Lucida Grande', 'Verdana', 'Geneva', 'Lucid', 'Arial', 'Helvetica', 'Avant Garde', sans-serif; text-anchor: middle; fill: #8a8a8a" x="133.056" y="342.869531" transform="rotate(-0 133.056 342.869531)">causal SDPA · QK-RMSNorm · RoPE</text>
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+ <g id="patch_17">
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+ </g>
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+ </g>
+ <g id="text_14">
+ <!-- give each layer a state $z_l$ (3 of $L$ drawn); settle the disagreement energy -->
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+ <!-- $\hat{g}\ =\ \left[\ \partial_\theta E(z^{\beta})\ -\ \partial_\theta E(z^{0})\ \right]\,/\,\beta$$\qquad\qquad(\partial_\theta E(z^0)\equiv 0\ \mathrm{here,\ since}\ E=0)$ -->
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+ </text>
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+ </g>
+ <g id="text_42">
+ <!-- per layer: $\Delta\theta_l\ \propto\ \langle\ d_l\ ,\ \partial f_l(z_{l-1})/\partial\theta_l\ \rangle\ /\ \beta$ -->
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+ <!-- derivatives except the top nudge. $\beta\to 0$ gives the exact gradient; bias is $O(\beta)$; a $\pm\beta$ two-sided read cancels it to $O(\beta^2)$. -->
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