import torch
import numpy as np

def to_raster(spikes: torch.Tensor) -> np.ndarray:
    """Convert spike tensor (T,B,N) to raster array (T,N)."""
    return spikes.detach().cpu().numpy().mean(axis=1)

def firing_rate(spikes: torch.Tensor, dt=1.0):
    """Compute firing rate per neuron."""
    return spikes.sum(dim=0) / (spikes.shape[0] * dt)