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1350 Black Death consequences:
- Song: moderate demographic hit but severe political "Mandate" crisis
- SE Asia: catastrophic depopulation, Chinese settlers fill vacuum
- Great Khanate: economic crisis → disastrous policies → northern Silk Road dies
- Germany: independence movement triggered by tribute demands
- Ilkhanate: survives, gains trade monopoly as routes shift south
- Italy: becomes Europe's new eastern trade gateway
Great Khanate internal fractures (new section):
- Post-plague economic transformation: trade empire → serfdom empire
- Rus identity fragments into 5+ distinct groups
- Novgorod divergence: economic reorientation toward Germany, religious split
- Religious schism: Volga Mongolized Orthodoxy vs Constantinople Orthodoxy
- Agricultural pivot: Mongol landlords + Slavic serfs in Ukraine/Hungary
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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- Hexi Corridor confirmed as Song territory (direct Silk Road access)
- Complete trade route map: 4 routes, Ilkhanate profits from 3, Mongol Khanate excluded from all
- Song SE Asian colonization: layered system (xuanweisi → trading posts → settler polities → tributaries)
- Japan: silver island, no Mongol invasion, less centralized but economically important
- Korea: Song tributary state
- India: Delhi Sultanate, Chagatai pressure manageable, Song economic penetration beginning
- Tibet: independent, low Song priority
- Mongol Khanate: fully marginalized, future economic semi-colony
- Great Khanate Orthodoxy: Mongolized sect, rejects Constantinople authority
- Little Ice Age effects: accelerates Song southern crisis and SE Asian colonization
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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(Mongol Ulus)
- Volga-centered empire: Great Khanate (大汗国), claiming supreme authority
- Mongolia homeland state (Tolui line): Mongol Khanate (蒙古汗国), claiming Genghis Khan's legitimate succession
- Updated all references throughout the document
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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- Ilkhanate: Islamicized by 1300, Persian bureaucratic backbone
- Egypt: Mongol military elite replaces Turkic Mamluks, part of Ilkhanate
- Islamic world: decentralized, no caliphate, Hafsid Tunisia as potential Sunni center
- Shia Islam gains space under indifferent Mongol rule
- Added complete 1300 world powers summary table
- All regions now defined at 1300 checkpoint
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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- Plantagenet France: England claims French crown, capital moves to Paris
- Burgundy: independent French-speaking state (Capetian cadet branch)
- Iberia split: Aragon (Mediterranean + Languedoc), Castile (Atlantic), Portugal
- Granada survives as Castilian tributary
- Italy: no divergence yet at 1300
- Reorganized open questions by timeline phase
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Song Dynasty avoids Jingkang Incident, industrializes northern frontier.
Mongols redirected westward, creating Mongol-Rus Empire centered on Volga.
Covers: Mongol conquests, empire structure, succession crisis, vassal states,
Western Europe, trade routes, religion, and open questions for further discussion.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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