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(Mongol Ulus)
- Volga-centered empire: Great Khanate (大汗国), claiming supreme authority
- Mongolia homeland state (Tolui line): Mongol Khanate (蒙古汗国), claiming Genghis Khan's legitimate succession
- Updated all references throughout the document
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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- Ilkhanate: Islamicized by 1300, Persian bureaucratic backbone
- Egypt: Mongol military elite replaces Turkic Mamluks, part of Ilkhanate
- Islamic world: decentralized, no caliphate, Hafsid Tunisia as potential Sunni center
- Shia Islam gains space under indifferent Mongol rule
- Added complete 1300 world powers summary table
- All regions now defined at 1300 checkpoint
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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- Plantagenet France: England claims French crown, capital moves to Paris
- Burgundy: independent French-speaking state (Capetian cadet branch)
- Iberia split: Aragon (Mediterranean + Languedoc), Castile (Atlantic), Portugal
- Granada survives as Castilian tributary
- Italy: no divergence yet at 1300
- Reorganized open questions by timeline phase
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Song Dynasty avoids Jingkang Incident, industrializes northern frontier.
Mongols redirected westward, creating Mongol-Rus Empire centered on Volga.
Covers: Mongol conquests, empire structure, succession crisis, vassal states,
Western Europe, trade routes, religion, and open questions for further discussion.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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